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I chose the word “intimacy” as my keyword. In this avatar, I mainly depict the intimate relationship between a parent and a kid. As you can see in the picture, the mother and the daughter apparently quarreled with each other, and decided not to speak. However, when it rains, the mother still holds the umbrella for the girl to prevent her from getting wet. This kind of scene is commonly seen in human’s intimate relationship—— although we have conflicts, we still love each other; or reversely, although we love each other, sometimes we don’t know how to express the love.

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Giants

According to the John Bowlby‘s attachment theory (1969), the attachment between parent and child in a child’s earliest age can have a tremendous influence on the child, including the way how he or she deals with the intimate relationship during and after childhood.

Diana Baumrind (2005) mainly identified three parenting styles, which are authoritative style, authoritarian style, and permissive style.

Annotated Bibliography

Wong, D. W., Hall, K. R., & Hernandez, L. W. (2021). Counseling individuals through the lifespan, p. 326. Sage Publications.

Annotation: The authors provide a definition of “intimacy” in page 326

Miller, R. S. (2015). Intimate Relationships. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Annotation: Chapter 1 talks about the nature and importance of intimacy.

Wang, Y., Shi, L., Que, J., Lu, Q., Liu, L., Lu, Z., Xu, Y., Liu, J., Sun, Y., Meng, S., Yuan, K., Ran, M., Lu, L., Bao, Y., & Shi, J. (2021). The impact of quarantine on mental health status among general population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Molecular Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01019-y

Annotation: This article talks about the impact of quarantine on mental health in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Steinberg, L. (2004). The ten basic principles of good parenting. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster Paperbacks.

Annotation: this book introduces the basic principles for effective parenting.

Kruttschnitt, C., Heath, L., & Ward, D.A. (1986). Family Violence, Television View Habits and Other Adolescent Experiences Related to Violent Criminal Behavior. Criminology, 24, 235-266.

Annotation: this study examined the relationship between childhood experiences and the possibility of committing of violent crimes in adulthood.

Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol 1. Attachment, New York: Basic Books.

Annotation: This book is the first volume of the Attachment and loss trilogy, in which Bowlby introduced the attachment theory and its formation.

Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.

Annotation: The author explained the internal working model in detail in this book.

Cassidy, J. (2000). Adult romantic attachments: A developmental perspective on individual differences. Review of General Psychology, 4, 111-131.

Annotation: This article studied the influence of early attachment on following romantic relationship.

Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1/2), 66. https://doi.org/10.2307/3333827

Annotation: This chapter mainly talks about the individual differences in attachment relationship, and provides a definition and explanation of the internal working model.

Beckes, L. (2016). Attachment theory. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 18, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/science/attachment-theory.

Annotation: The author introduced the functions and features of attachment behavior in this article.

Harlow H. F., Dodsworth R. O., & Harlow M. K. (1965). Total social isolation in monkeys. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Retrieved October 30, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC285801/pdf/pnas00159-0105.pdf

Annotation: This article explained the classic experiment on infant monkeys about attachment behavior.

Klaus, M.H. & Kennell, J.H. (1976). Maternal-Infant Bonding: The Impact of Early Separation or Loss on Family Development. St Louis: Mosby.

Annotation: This book explained the content of the bonding theory.

Waters, E., & Cummings, E. M. (2000). A secure base from which to explore close relationships. Child Development, 71(1), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00130

In this article, the author introduced the meaning of a “secure base” in attachment theory.

Pagani, L. S., Fitzpatrick, C., Barnett, T. A., & Dubow, E. (2010). Prospective associations between early childhood television exposure and academic, psychosocial, and physical well-being by middle childhood. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(5). https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.50

Annotation: In this study, the author studied 1,314 children about the relationship between television exposure time at 29 months of age and their later behavior in school in fourth grade.

Glueck, S., & Glueck, E. (1950). Unraveling Juvenile delinquency. Commonwealth Fund.

Annotation: In the experiment, 500 delinquent and 500 non-delinquent Boston boys’ characteristic and family backgrounds were studied.

Pavlov, I. P. (2010). Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. Annals of Neurosciences, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.5214/ans.0972-7531.1017309

Annotation: This article introduces the principles of classical conditioning.

Dollard, J. & Miller, N.E. (1950). Personality and psychotherapy. New York: McGraw-Hill

Annotation: In this book, the authors explained the reasons why attachment was a learned process.

Yassin, F. (2020, July 10). What are the different types of attachment? The Wave Clinic. Retrieved October 4, 2021, from https://thewaveclinic.com/blog/what-are-the-different-types-of-attachment/.

Annotation: In this online Blog article, the author explained why attachment is an evolutionary processes.

Baumrind, D. (2005). Patterns of parental authority and adolescent autonomy. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2005(108), pp. 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.128

Annotation: Baumrind reviewed and concluded her own categorization of the parenting styles in page 62 of the article, and made a comparison among authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive styles in page 62 and 63.

Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43-88.

Annotation: This article identified the 4 basic elements in determining parenting styles.

Baumrind, D. (1978). Parental disciplinary patterns and social competence in children. Youth & Society, 9(3), 239–267. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118×7800900302

Annotation: This article explained the meaning of responsiveness and demanding

Baumrind, D. (2013). Authoritative parenting revisited: History and current status. In R. E. Larzelere, A. S. Morris, & A. W. Harrist (Eds.), Authoritative parenting: Synthesizing nurturance and discipline for optimal child development, pp. 11–34. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13948-002

Annotation: In this chapter of the book, the history and current status of the authoritative parenting style is introduced.

Muraco, J. A., Ruiz, W., Laff, R., Thompson, R., & Lang, D. (2020, May 18). Baumrind’s parenting styles. Parenting and Family Diversity Issues. Retrieved October 4, 2021, from https://iastate.pressbooks.pub/parentingfamilydiversity/chapter/chapter-1-2/#return-footnote-304-3.

Annotation: This online article is an general overview of Baumrind’s Parenting Styles.

Seligman, M. E., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.60.5.410

Annotation: The authors reviewed the literature and recent developments in the field of positive psychology in the article.

Bahrami, B., Dolatshahi, B., Pourshahbaz, A., & Mohammadkhani, P. (2018). Comparison of Personality among Mothers with Different Parenting Styles. Iranian journal of psychiatry, 13(3), 200–206.

Annotation: This study tested on the role of personality in parenting style.

Pong, S.-L., Johnston, J., & Chen, V. (2010). Authoritarian parenting and Asian Adolescent School Performance: Insights from the US and Taiwan. International journal of behavioral development. Retrieved October 18, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4026298/.

Annotation: This research studies the relationship between the parenting style that Asian students’ parents use and their school performance.

Maccoby, E.E. & Martin, J.A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In Mussen, P.H.; Hetherington, E.M. (eds.). Manual of child psychology, Vol. 4: Social development. pp. 1–101. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Annotation: This article categorized the neglectful parenting styles and described its features.

Wambua, G. N., Obondo, A., Bifulco, A., & Kumar, M. (2018). The role of attachment relationship in adolescents’ problem behavior development: A cross-sectional study of Kenyan adolescents in Nairobi City. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-018-0237-0

Annotation: This research studied on Kenyan adolescents in Nairobi city in order to find out the role of attachment relationship in adolescents’ problem behavior development.

Tussey, B. E., Tyler, K. A., & Simons, L. G. (2018). Poor parenting, attachment style, and dating violence perpetration among college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(5-6), 2097–2116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518760017

Annotation: this research tested on how both attachment style and participation in risky behaviors contribute to this pattern of violence.

Grych, J. H., & Kinsfogel, K. M. (2010). Exploring the role of attachment style in the relation between family aggression and abuse in adolescent dating relationships. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 19(6), 624–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2010.502068

Annotation: This study investigated romantic attachment style as a potential moderator of the link between family aggression and dating aggression.

Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., Cowan, P. A., & Cowan, C. P. (2002). Attachment security in couple relationships: A systemic model and its implications for family dynamics. Family Process, 41(3), 405–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2002.41309.x

Annotation: this article reviewed studies that have examined the contribution of adult attachment style to dating and marital relationships.

Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644

Annotation: The article examined on three roles of ASDs: dependence, working models of self and others, and dating relationships.

Dornbusch, S. M., Ritter, P. L., Leiderman, P. H., Roberts, D. F., & Fraleigh, M. J. (1987). The relation of parenting style to adolescent school performance. Child Development, 58(5), 1244. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130618

Annotation: The study shows how 3 parenting styles developed by Baumrind influence adolescent school performance differently.

Asbari, M., Nurhayati, W., & Purwanto, A. (2019). The effect of parenting style and genetic personality on children character development. Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 23(2), 206-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/pep.v23i2.28151

Annotation: The research tries to identify the influence of parenting style and genetic personality to children’s character development.

Dwairy, M., & Menshar, K. E. (2006). Parenting style, individuation, and Mental Health of Egyptian adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 29(1), 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.03.002

Annotation: The study shows how 3 parenting styles developed by Baumrind influence Egyptian adolescents’ mental health differently.

Huver, R. M. E., Otten, R., de Vries, H., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2010). Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 33(3), 395–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.07.012

Annotation: The study selected 688 Dutch parents of adolescents to examine the relation between parental personality and parenting style.

Signorielli, N. (1991). A sourcebook on children and television. Greenwood Press.

Annotation: The second section of this book examines the content and effects of television on children, including the portrayal of gender differences in parenting.

Wellman, A., Brank, E., & Hazen, K. (2017). Parental Blame Frame: An Empirical Examination of the Media’s Portrayal of Parents and Their Delinquent Juveniles. Whittier Journal of Child and Family Advocacy, 16(1).

Annotation: this article examines how the media report the parental responsibility in juvenile delinquency.